It is normal to be worried if you notice bleeding during pregnancy. But in the case of a subchorionic hematoma, bleeding is usually not a cause for concern.

Also known as subchorionic bleeding, this type of bleeding is very common during pregnancy, goes away on its own, and usually has no negative effects on you or your baby.

That said, there are different reasons for spotting or bleeding during pregnancy, and it’s important to let your doctor know if you have both.

What is a subchorionic hematoma?

A subchorionic hematoma, also known as a subchorionic hemorrhage or subchorionic hemorrhage, occurs when blood leaks and collects between the wall of the uterus and the chorion, the membrane around your growing baby. The chorion also forms part of the placenta, and subchorionic hemorrhages often occur near the placenta.

Jonathan Dimes for BabyCenter

Subchorionic hematoma is one of the most common causes of bleeding in the first trimester of pregnancy (usually during 10 to 20 weeks) and accounts for about 11% of cases.

Although vaginal bleeding is the number one sign of this condition, some women do not experience bleeding and do not know they have it until an ultrasound detects it.

“Subchorionic hematoma is a common ultrasound finding in the first trimester and is rarely associated with risks,” says Layan Alrahmani, MD, a specialist in gynecology and maternal-fetal medicine based in Chicago.

Subchorionic hematomas usually go away on their own, but occasionally bleeding is a sign of a miscarriage – so it’s best to see your doctor as soon as possible to confirm the diagnosis.

What causes a subchorionic hematoma?

Experts aren’t entirely sure what causes subchorionic bleeding in pregnancy, but research shows that in vitro fertilization (IVF) can increase the risk.

In one study of 194 pregnancies, the incidence of subchorionic hematoma was significantly higher in women who underwent IVF than in those who did not.

Uterine abnormalities, recurrent miscarriages, and pelvic infections are also risk factors for subchorionic hematoma.

What are the symptoms of a subchorionic hematoma?

Some women with subchorionic bleeding will experience vaginal bleeding, but some do not experience any bleeding at all.

You may also experience abdominal pain, cramping or contractions if you have subchorionic bleeding – but these symptoms can occur in any pregnancy in the first trimester and do not necessarily mean you have a subchorionic hematoma.

Although some spotting during pregnancy is normal, see your doctor if you notice any vaginal bleeding to make sure it’s nothing serious. (For example, it is common for women to experience bleeding during early pregnancy from a fertilized egg implanting in the uterus.)

Tell your doctor if the bleeding is intermittent or constant and if you have any other symptoms with it. They can order an ultrasound to make sure your baby is okay.

A subchorionic hematoma can be a little difficult to diagnose because the membranes are thin and can be mistaken for a twin gestational sac or even amniotic fluid or placental tissue, so most doctors will check your baby’s heartbeat a few weeks later to make sure everything is okay .

How is subchorionic hematoma treated?

Subchorionic hematomas usually go away on their own, but treatment for a subchorionic hematoma depends on your symptoms, how far along you are in your pregnancy, and the size and location of the subchorionic hematoma.

If your blood type is negative, you may need an injection to prevent complications in future pregnancies.

There are currently no approved medications for the treatment of subchorionic hematoma. Your doctor may order more routine ultrasounds to check on your baby’s well-being.

Subchorionic hematoma is a common sonographic finding in the first trimester and is rarely associated with risks.

– Dr. Layan Alrahmani, specialist in gynecology and maternal-fetal medicine

Bed rest is not recommended for subchorionic hematoma – and research has not shown that it improves pregnancy outcomes. In fact, bed rest can cause other complications, such as blood clots and depression.

However, your emotional health is also important, so if exercise or other strenuous activity makes you anxious, take it easy until the bleeding stops.

What are the signs that a subchorionic hematoma is resolving?

You will know that the subchorionic hematoma is resolving when the bleeding slows down and stops.

Will a subchorionic hematoma affect my pregnancy or my baby?

A subchorionic hematoma is usually not a cause for concern.

However, some women with subchorionic bleeding in the first trimester have an increased risk of placental abruption later in pregnancy, which occurs when the placenta partially or completely detaches from the uterine wall. And if placental abruption occurs, it can cause profuse bleeding.

Large subchorionic hematomas are also associated with miscarriage and stillbirth, but research is conflicting. Small studies have also linked subchorionic hematoma to preterm birth, preeclampsia, chorioamnionitis (infection), and intrauterine growth restriction (low birth weight).

Some studies also show that subchorionic hematomas become more common in twin pregnancies.

“The medical professionals told me that it really just looked worse than it was… but I couldn’t believe it, especially since my bleeding was accompanied by cramps most of the time,” he says. BabyCenter Community member of CeeHugg. “Ladies, if you’re reading, I definitely don’t want to minimize what you’re experiencing with SCH (subchorionic bleeding), but I encourage you to take a chance and just trust that everything will be okay.”

Is there a way to prevent a subchorionic hematoma?

There is nothing you can do to prevent subchorionic bleeding. However, you want to make sure you’re doing everything you can to promote a healthy pregnancy, like eating a well-balanced diet and taking prenatal vitamins.

If you experience vaginal bleeding, talk to your doctor to get a proper diagnosis and rule out other problems. Most women with subchorionic hematoma go on to have healthy pregnancies and deliveries.

As cold and flu season approaches, you may be wondering how to keep your family healthy and comfortable during the fall and winter months. (On average, children have about one respiratory virus per month between September and AprilOpens a new window.) Don’t worry, we’re here to help. We spoke with dr. Daria Long, emergency room doctor and mother of three children, on how best to get through the cold and flu season. Here are her tips:

1. Strengthen your child’s immune system

dr. Darria: I like strategies that reduce the risk of getting the disease in the first place. As the weather begins to change, here’s how you and your children can reduce your risk:

• Stay active. Exercise helps strengthen the immune system.
• Spend time in nature. It improves the function of immune cells that attack viruses.
• Eat whole foods. A studyOpens a new window of children ages 1 to 4 with recurrent respiratory infections found that feeding more whole foods reduced the number of days with cold symptoms and antibiotic use by about half, and reduced the number of days with cough, fever, and stuffy nose. Also, drink plenty of water.
• Get enough sleep. Exhaustion can lower our threshold for infection.

2. Stock up on essentials

dr. Darria: Any good cold and flu plan includes prevention and treatment when illness occurs. I always recommend having a cold and flu first aid kit at home because the last thing you want to do when it’s 3 am and your child has a fever is go to the 24 hour pharmacy. Here’s what I have on hand:

• Thermometers suitable for every age of your child: rectal for 3 months and younger, oral for toddlers and children, and an underarm thermometer as an alternative option.
• Ibuprofen or acetaminophen for pain or fever. i love Genexa Kids Pain and feverOpens a new window because there are fewer artificial ingredients and additives.
• Medicines against colds and coughs such as Genexa cough and chest congestionOpens a new window for children older than 4 years. For children 12 years of age or younger, always give the medicine to them themselves, because they cannot yet measure the medicine or make sure they are taking the correct amount.
• Honey for children older than one year can be an effective remedy for cough. Genexa also offers a Children’s honey cough syrupOpens a new window which can be used for children 12 months and older.
• Salt sprays or irrigation and suction to remove congestion. There are various vacuuming options on the market, from basic light bulb models to electric ones.
• A cool mist humidifier that helps clear congestion. You can also use a steam shower.

3. Have them wash their hands often

dr. Darria: Whenever I am at my children’s elementary school, I am reminded that young children do not respect personal space. They tend to be “this close” to each other all the time. It feels like a losing battle, but to solve it, I remind them to wash their hands at school and at home “like a surgeon” – that is, washing up to their elbows for 30 seconds.

I also have them undress as soon as they get home. Although it may seem like such basic advice, I make sure my kids follow these practices because good hygiene is effective and you should encourage it too.

4. Get vaccinated on time

dr. Darria: During cold and flu season, I recommend that everyone over 6 months of age get a flu shot and make sure they are up to date on their other shots, including COVID-19. Although we don’t have vaccines for most respiratory viruses, getting vaccinated for the ones we do have can reduce your child’s risk of getting sick. It can also help prevent the dreaded double infection, where you get sick from more than one virus at the same time.

5. Recognize symptoms and seek appropriate care

dr. Darria: Child not getting better? I recommend taking them to the doctor if:

• Have a temperature greater than 100.4° if under 3 months of age; a temperature of 102° if they are 3 to 36 months old; a temperature of 104° or higher for older children.
• You have trouble breathing or have seizures, an unusual rash, or a stiff neck.
• You have a fever that does not improve after 3 to 5 days (or a fever that comes back).
• You have chronic health problems.
• They are lethargic or more tired than usual (even after medication has brought down their fever) or cry inconsolably.
• Or if you have a feeling. I cannot stress enough how important it is to listen to your intuition. When a parent says, “I know my child, and they’re just not acting like themselves,” I advise them to take their child to the doctor.

With a little advance preparation and knowing what signs and symptoms to look out for, you can make cold and flu season a lot easier on your child and you!

Genexa products for children can be found on WalmartOpens a new window, TargetOpens a new window, CVSOpens a new window, and AmazonOpens a new window.

dr. Darria Long is a Harvard and Yale-educated emergency physician and serves on the BabyCenter Medical Advisory Board. She is also an international TV contributor and regular on CNN, NBC, Netflix and more; author of the national bestseller Mom Hacks; and TedX speaker on the now widely popular “Emergency Doctor Who Ends Crazy Busyness” – and mother of three. dr. Long is also the founder of TrueveLab, a data-driven source of truth for your health questions, and the principal investigator of the Women’s Burnout Study.

This post is sponsored advertising content for GenexOpens a new window.

Okay, so internet famous “amazon coat”Opens a new window technically not maternity clothes. But it has five stars among 16,000 reviews lots pregnant women who say that this warm buffer is also comfortable for them. This stylish, roomy puffer is great if you’re looking for outerwear that doesn’t scream ‘material’. The coat is filled with duck down for extra warmth, and the plush hood will keep you comfortable and protected from the wind. Adjustable sides make it ideal for accommodating your growing bump. We also love the wide range of sizes, which makes it more inclusive than other coat options.

SizesDescription: XX-small – 5X-large

Parents say

“I LOVE THIS COAT! Would absolutely recommend, and would buy again in a heartbeat.

I am currently 7 months pregnant and I bought this coat a month ago, I have been wearing it non stop since it arrived. It’s wonderful! I was so skeptical of an affordable garment with so many positive reviews, but I can’t think of a better coat for the price. The bonus is that it’s versatile enough to wear during pregnancy, but stays in my closet forever.

For reference, I’m 5’3″. Before pregnancy, I was 150 and wore size ML tops with a 36-D bra and size 10 pants. Now I’m 7 months pregnant and I’m 175. The Large fits me perfectly, as does every other outfit at the moment, even with my big belly to look toned and casual with room for my curves but still gives me a really long profile that makes me look and i feel taller and slimmer Plenty of room even for my chest to grow fat and for my belly to grow My arm or shoulders are not restricted at all, even when I lift my arms, drive, lift or chase my kid sweaters/sweatshirts underneath , scarves, gloves, the whole winter kit, and still has room to move around and be human.It’s also warm enough that I wore it with just a t-shirt and leggings underneath and felt like it was warm and the look or the impression of the coat was still not too great.”

One of the biggest shocks many new parents face is how difficult it is to fall asleep, even before their baby is born. In fact, data shows that as many as 76% of women report not getting enough sleep (or getting enough quality sleep) during pregnancy. “I wake up about every two to three hours and usually around 4 or 5 in the morning, then it takes me a few hours to go back to sleep.” shares one mom in the BabyCenter community. “I’m just ready to be more comfortable in my body while I sleep.”

However, the struggles can actually last (or start again) once your baby is home, which is certainly the experience of many moms. “The newborn’s sleep was difficult because I was sleep deprived, I was trying to heal and all the energy that goes into breastfeeding, one BabyCenter mom shares. “I felt like I basically didn’t sleep when I gave birth to my newborn.”

So what exactly happens during pregnancy and after giving birth that makes it difficult to sleep – and is one “worse” than the other?

Pregnancy hormones (including estrogen, progesterone, and hCG) are responsible for helping your baby grow and preparing your body for labor and breastfeeding. But these hormones can also affect the ability to sleep.

– Rachel Blake, MD, OB/GYN

What do the experts say?

Pregnancy and postpartum sleep are definitely hot topics among moms. Experts also have a lot to say about why it’s hard to catch enough ZZZs these days, and which sleep is ultimately better for your body.

“Pregnancy is one of the times in life when most people have some sort of sleep disturbance,” he says Rachel Blake, MDgynecologist from New Jersey. Pregnancy hormones (including estrogen, progesterone, and hCG) are responsible for helping your baby grow and preparing your body for labor and breastfeeding. But these hormones can also affect the ability to sleep, she adds.

After giving birth, many new moms are often surprised by how often their babies wake up during the night. It’s mostly because they’re hungry, but it’s also common for newborns to wake up or fuss even when they’re nice and full. “Sleep problems are common postpartum because you have this baby, or multiple babies, relying on you throughout the day and night,” says Dr. Blake. you who answer those cries and those needs.”

In addition to your newborn waking frequently, hormonal changes or mood disorders (like postpartum depression or anxiety) are also at play during this time, she says. Shantha Gowda, Psy.D.a psychologist based in San Francisco and a board-certified specialist in behavioral sleep medicine. These fluctuations in your hormones can also cause trouble falling asleep or staying asleep. Not to mention, insomnia can creep in, where you want to fall asleep, but you can’t, says Dr. Gowda. Insomnia can occur with a lack of sleep, says Dr. Gowda, but that goes without saying.

What moms say

When it comes to moms’ actual experiences with sleep, the verdict is mixed on whether it’s “worse” during pregnancy or postpartum. Some women find that sleep isn’t so bad during pregnancy, but really struggle when the baby arrives; others find that their sleep improves after they are no longer pregnant. Here’s how 5 moms explain it:

“I’ve found that postpartum sleep deprivation in a newborn is far, far worse than pregnancy fatigue. Personally, I’m at my worst during the first two to three weeks while my hormones are trying to regulate. Once we get into the breastfeeding problem and the routine, it gets better.” – NurseJenna33

“Honestly, I think newborn sleep is worse because not only are you sleep-deprived, but your body is trying to heal itself, and if you’re breastfeeding, every energy you have goes into that. Sleep may be less painful, but also less restful/efficient. I felt like I basically didn’t sleep when I had a newborn.” – Babymama365

“I would take postpartum fatigue over pregnancy fatigue ANY DAY! I’m at least 1000 times more comfortable (after the baby is born) than being pregnant. I am in so much pain right now and so ready to end this pregnancy. Yes, it’s exhausting, but I can sleep on my stomach, walk around, not use the bathroom 600 times, and have to wake up with a baby vs. pain and pee. I think it also depends on whether you have help. My husband can help care for the newborn, but he definitely can’t carry this baby for me right now…” – Mombaer9

“I had terrible postpartum insomnia. I never had trouble sleeping before I gave birth and then, hell, I couldn’t sleep at all. There were nights when I didn’t sleep in general. It was so scary… I have been off sleeping pills and sleeping great for five plus years and I never, ever thought I would be able to say that. I really thought I would always be obsessed with sleep, but I’ve made a full recovery.” – maggi1975

“I’m firmly on team, ‘pregnancy fatigue is worse.’ I feel that way off the whole time I’m pregnant – like I’m sick for seven to eight months. Sometimes I can push through and do things, but it’s so, so, so hard. Plus, pregnancy insomnia hits me hard. I felt 1000% better three days after I gave birth than I did my entire pregnancy. And I could sleep! My baby would wake me up, but at least the insomnia is gone!” – shhcat

What sleep problems can I have during pregnancy?

Certain pregnancy symptoms (such as nausea, vomiting, heartburn and increased urination) can make it difficult to sleep. Hormonal changes can also affect your ability to sleep or increase your risk of mental health problems (such as depression or anxiety) that can make it difficult to fall asleep or stay asleep. Pregnancy can also increase the risk of certain sleep disorders, including restless legs syndrome, insomnia, or problems like sleep apnea.

What exactly is the dream of a newborn as a parent?

Newborn babies have very different sleep patterns than older children and adults. Newborns tend to sleep about 14 to 17 hours a day, says Dr. Gowda. But they don’t yet have developed circadian rhythms – meaning they sleep and stay awake throughout the day and night (rather than just at night). Newborns also need to wake up to eat every three hours or so, even overnight – and may wake up more often than that.

Because babies need 24-hour care, most new parents face sleep problems, says Dr. Blake. Waking up every two to three hours to feed and care for your baby can be exhausting – even when you have help. “This is a very challenging time for patients,” she says.

Remember this

The real truth is that you can have trouble sleeping during pregnancy and postpartum.

If you feel like you’ve tried it everything and nothing helps, you can always talk to your doctor, says dr. Blake. “They can review your sleep hygiene, any medical condition or your specific situation, to help you optimize your sleep and help you create a plan that can help you get more sleep,” she says.

And if you are currently in the thick of sleep problems, know that there is light at the end of the tunnel.

Did you know that you start making breast milk even before the baby is born? This early milk is called colostrum, and production begins mid-pregnancy when you’re around 12 to 16 weeks. By the third trimester, you may even start leaking colostrum. (Don’t worry if you don’t – not everyone does!)

Moms have posted videos on TikTok and Instagram of collecting colostrum in late pregnancy and saving it for their babies. You may also be wondering if you should.

It’s a common question and one that has grown in popularity over the past few years, according to Jessica Madden, MD, a pediatrician, neonatologist, and International Board Certified Lactation Consultant (IBCLC).

“Although pregnant women in other parts of the world have been doing prenatal milk expression for a long time, it has only recently gained popularity in the US,” she says. The lack of infant formula a few years ago really sparked the conversation, adds Dr. Madden, and now she recommends it more than she did in the past.

Here’s the evidence on prenatal expressing, who it may benefit from, the potential risks, and a guide to prenatal expressing if it makes sense for you.

What is prenatal milk expression?

Simply put, prenatal milk expression (also known as prenatal breast milk expression) is when you give colostrum while you’re still pregnant. Colostrum is the yellowish-orange milk you produce starting in mid-pregnancy. “It’s expressed in small amounts, it’s thicker than mature breast milk and it’s full of antibodies,” says Dr. Madden.

Moms-to-be get this milk by hand expressing and scooping (a small amount) of the colostrum they produce into a container.

It is advised that you should only try prenatal milk expression with your doctor’s approval Jenelle FerryOpens a new windowMD, board certified neonatologist and director of infant feeding, nutrition and development at Pediatrix Medical Group in Florida. They can let you know when to start the practice (as there is a small chance that prenatal milk secretion can cause premature labor) and how to do it.

What are the benefits of prenatal milk expression?

Unfortunately, there is very limited data from the US on the benefits of prenatal expressing. “Many of the studies done were observational or reported on what the mothers did and what their results were,” says Dr. Ferry.

However, there is limited evidence that prenatal milk expression may increase the likelihood that mothers will successfully breastfeed. Women who express milk prenatally and save it for their babies are also less likely to use formula in the hospital, another study found.

That’s because prenatal milk expression can “help a mother’s breast milk ‘come in’ earlier,” says Dr. Madden. This expressed milk can also be used in the hospital to supplement breastfeeding after birth.

There are a few specific scenarios when prenatal milk flushing is more helpful, such as if you had supply or feeding problems with a previous baby or if your baby is at risk for low blood sugar after birth, adds Dr. Madden.

Are there risks of prenatal milk spillage?

Since there has not been much research on prenatal milk secretion, its risks are not well known, points out Dr. Ferry. The main concern is the possibility of premature birth.

This is because every time your breast tissue is stimulated, the hormone oxytocin is released. Oxytocin can stimulate uterine contractions, which, in theory, could lead to labor. For this reason, most providers suggest waiting to express until after 36 weeks, when the risk of preterm labor ends, says Dr. Madden.

But again, there just aren’t enough studies to say if this will happen if you express milk during pregnancy. It’s best to consult with your doctor to discuss your own individual risks and benefits before trying to express your milk prenatally.

Is it a good idea to express milk during pregnancy?

First things first: You definitely don’t need to express milk during pregnancy. Your body does not need any additional preparation to prepare milk. And since there isn’t a lot of research right now, it’s not something that all providers even advise doing.

“The limited data we have makes it difficult to support a particular recommendation,” says Dr. Ferry. However, the practice may be beneficial after 36 to 37 weeks of pregnancy for moms with high-risk pregnancies, who may present some difficulty with breastfeeding, or moms who expect to wean their baby after birth and want to provide colostrum.

There are several other situations in which Dr. Madden recommended:

If any of these scenarios apply to you, talk to your doctor first before trying to express your milk prenatally.

How to do prenatal milk expression

If you’re interested in prenatal expressing and your provider has signed off on it, here’s how to get started, according to Centers for Disease Control and PreventionOpens a new window (CDC).

1. First, wash your hands with soap and water. (Prenatal milk expression is best done by hand rather than using a pump, says Dr. Madden.)
2. Find a clean, disposable container with a wide mouth to collect the colostrum.
3. Get into a comfortable position and lean forward slightly to help gravity.
4. Place your thumb and fingers in a “C” shape above and below the nipple
5. Gently press your thumb and fingers towards your chest.
6. Gently squeeze your thumb and fingers together to release the milk. Continue the compression and release and collect the expressed milk.

Give yourself time to practice manually expressing colostrum and be patient, says Dr. Madden. Here are some more tips to help:

• Plan to manually express your breasts once a day, starting around week 37 of your pregnancy. Hand express for about two to three minutes at a time, max.
• Before standing out, warm up the chest for about ten minutes. You can use a heating pad, a warm compress or a warm shower.
• Don’t expect a lot of colostrum to come out; the average yield will be 0.5 to 1 milliliter (ml) from both breasts combined.
• Store the colostrum in small 1 or 2 ml syringes and then freeze it, storing it after delivery.
• Try watching a hand expression video. dr. Madden recommends this tutorialOpens a new window by Maya Bolman, IBCLC.

Again, prenatal expressing is not a requirement, nor is it something that is right for every mom. At the same time, it may be a good option for you. If you are interested, discuss the details of prenatal milk expression with your doctor.

When your baby isn’t sleeping well, you aren’t sleeping well. Worse, there’s a somewhat cruel side effect that comes with an exhausted baby: a sleep-deprived baby is less likely to actually fall asleep easily.

“Being overtired puts a strain on the body and makes it harder to calm down,” explains Liz Donner, MD, pediatrician and BabyCenter medical advisor.

Of course, you want to prevent your baby from being overtired – but that’s not always possible. Life happens, and naps are skipped. Here’s how to recognize when your baby is overtired, how to get your exhausted little one to sleep, and how to avoid this whole problem – so you and your baby can finally get some rest.

Signs that your baby is overtired

It can be difficult to tell exactly why your baby is having trouble falling asleep, especially since crying is their primary form of communication. If your baby is overtired, it simply means that he is not getting as much sleep as he needs to thrive. A newborn baby needs at least 16 hours of sleep each day, with eight to nine hours of sleep at night and another eight hours split between multiple naps during the day. At 6 months, your baby will need 14 hours of sleep, with 10 hours of sleep at night and another four divided between two or three naps.

If your baby isn’t sleeping nearly as much, he’ll try to let you know in his own way, but there are some common signs most parents can watch for, says Dr. Donner:

• A frantic cry
• Soothing difficulties
• Rubbing or rubbing the eyes
• Droopy eyelids
• Body tension
• Fidget
• He doesn’t want to be held back
• He refuses to eat
• Emotional breakdowns
• Difficulty falling asleep
• He often wakes up at night

“Some overtired babies may take short naps followed by constant fussiness,” says Dr. Donner. “These changes in behavior can understandably be stressful for parents and caregivers.”

Reasons why your baby is overtired

Skipped naps

It’s tempting to skip naps or cut them short in hopes of getting more sleep at night, but this strategy can actually backfire. Getting less sleep during the day can make it harder to fall asleep.

“Babies need to nap during the day because their bodies have a natural period of wakefulness that starts relatively short and lasts as they age,” explains Dr. Donner. “When a baby stays awake longer than their natural wakefulness period, they run the risk of overtiring.”

Stay up late

The same goes for keeping the baby awake later in the hope of sleeping through the night. Your little one might fall asleep a little later in the morning, but going to bed late doesn’t promise a sounder night’s sleep, adds Dr. Donner.

“Being overtired makes for fussy babies who have a hard time falling and sleeping through the night,” she says. “You can’t just make up for lost sleep at night.”

Instead, keep your baby on a routine that best matches their natural circadian rhythm, she says. For most little ones, this means spending the night somewhere around 7 and 8 p.m

Additional stimulation

Finally, don’t forget that your baby is a tiny human, and the same things that exhaust you can contribute to their exhaustion. For example, if they had visitors or extra activities that day, they might be more tired and overstimulated and need a bit more rest before bed.

Babies need to nap during the day because their bodies have a natural wakefulness window that starts relatively short and lasts as they get older.

– Elizabeth Donner, MD, pediatrician and BabyCenter Medical Advisor

Ways to prevent your baby from becoming overtired

Understand their sleep and wake windows

Every baby is different, but everyone tends to have sleep patterns based on their age and stage of development. “Educate yourself about age-appropriate wake-up windows,” says Dr. Donner. “This is the time your baby spends awake between sleep periods, starting from getting out of the crib to going back to sleep or taking a nap.”

Wake windows are quite short during the newborn stage and lengthen as your baby grows. Establishing a daily routine around their nap schedule is an important part of creating predictability for your child and helping them sleep soundly, says Dr. Donner.

Here’s how long they last, depending on your baby’s age:

• Birth to 4 weeks of age: 35 to 60 minutes
• 1 to 3 months: 1 to 1½ hours
• 3 to 4 months: 1¼ hours to 2 hours
• 5 to 7 months: 2 to 3 hours
• 7 to 10 months: 2½ to 3½ hours
• 11 to 14 months: 4 to 6 hours

Don’t wait for exhaustion

It is best to put your baby down when he shows the first signs of sleepiness rather than waiting until he is exhausted. Watch for droopy eyelids, yawning, and rubbing or rubbing of the eyes. Then you should begin to relax for a nap or night’s sleep.

Allow time to calm down

Try adjusting your sleep routine to make it a smoother transition. You can try moving your baby to the children’s area earlier for some time on the floor, or holding them upright on your lap in a rocking chair with the lights dimmed. Then get into your usual routine of a bath (before bed), a book, and a few minutes of rocking before you lay them down.

Create a peaceful sleeping environment

During the early days, your baby may have slept next to your bed in a stroller or napped in your arms. When your baby is around 4 months old, he will become more aware of his surroundings. They will also start practicing new skills when you want them to sleep in the crib.

This is a fairly normal change. When this happens, you can promote sleep by adding room-darkening curtains, keeping their room at the ideal temperature for sleep, and adding a sound machine if you’re worried about loud siblings or pets.

How to get your overtired baby to sleep

Sometimes a doctor’s appointment, a family dinner, or an unexpected visitor can throw off even the healthiest routine. Every parent finds themselves with an overtired baby from time to time. Here’s how to deal with it when it happens.

Focus on calming your baby down before bed

Try offering a pacifier, feeding them, or holding them close while you move around the room or rock.

“Remove distractions including screens, toys, pets and siblings,” adds Dr. Donner. “Go into a dimly lit, quiet room and turn on a fan or sound machine to drown out background noise and create a peaceful environment.”

When your baby is calm, it will be easier for him to fall asleep.

Try to stay calm yourself

Having an overtired baby can understandably be stressful, but don’t forget to take care of yourself too.

“Use calming techniques for both yourself and your baby,” says Dr. Donner. Take a deep breath, hum a lullaby and rock in the rocking chair. Ask your co-parent, friends or the baby’s grandparents for help when you are having a hard time.

Get back to your routine

If your baby struggles to calm down, remember that routine can become comforting. Even if it’s getting late, or they’ve had more stimulation than usual, consider still working with your usual routine (even if it’s shortened!). This could mean a warm bath, reading a book or singing a favorite song if they struggle to sleep at night.

If you find that your baby is stuck in an extended cycle of being overtired, check to see if your baby’s wake-up windows have changed and adjust their schedule accordingly.

Breaking the cycle of overtiredness may require the occasional contact nap, but once your child catches sleep, you and your baby will be back to your normal routine before you know it.

You may have heard of (and used!) Joy’s wedding registry, but the site has now expanded their offerings to cover baby and parenting essentials. The Joy baby registryOpens a new window is similar to their wedding version — we’re talking about no checkout fees, experiential gifts, and the ability to add products from any third-party site. Find out why it’s featured as one of the best baby registries below. (And if you’re curious about which baby registry and registry items are best for you, take a look BabyCenter Registry Builder.)

Benefits of the Joy baby registry

Funds: Instead of asking for a physical gift, parents can use monetary funds to ask for money for a big-ticket item like a stroller, a baby’s college fund, or anything else they want or need. You can organize multiple funds on Joy and add specific names, such as “Diaper Fund” or “Parental Leave Fund”. Because Joy baby registries work with Venmo, PayPal, and CashApp, you can use those services and pay zero transaction fees (or pay a small fee when you use a credit card).

Electronic gift cards: Another bonus feature from the With Joy registry? You can get great gift cards. From big retailers like Target and Amazon to kids’ clothing brands like Carter’s and H&M, you can ask for specific quantities from each store. There’s even a Taskrabbit gift card, which you can use to get help with things like folding a crib or dresser.

If you want to prioritize cash funds, the Joy baby registry is probably your best option.

Group donation: For all items over $250, you can choose to have guests contribute a certain amount, which can increase your chances of receiving more expensive gifts.

Generous discount on completion of works: Many baby registries including Target and Pottery Barn Kids offer “closeout discounts.” The idea is that whatever is left on your registry after your friends and family have bought gifts, you can then buy yourself at a lower price. (Here’s more on how to take advantage of the completion discount.) Like many registries, Joy gives you 20% off all eligible items still on your registry up to six months after your due date. That’s 5% more than Amazon’s baby registry.

Copy friend registers: The Joy Baby Registry allows you to view a friend’s or relative’s baby registry and add specific items directly to your page. This makes it easy to inspire your loved ones as you compile your wish list. You can find this feature in the “Manage” section of your registry.

How to create a Joy baby registry

When you get to the Joy home page, go to the Joy Baby button in the top left corner of the screen (or you can visit “withjoy.com/baby-registryOpens a new window” in your browser). You can find more details and review shopping recommendations for parents-to-be here. To start creating your own registry, click “Get Started.” You’ll need to sign in with your email and password , then add your name and your baby’s last name and estimated due date.

From there, you can search for products or experiences you want to add to your Joy Registry. As you go, you can review the checklist on the right side of the screen, which will ensure that you don’t leave anything important out of your registry. For example, when you add a few bottles to your registry, Joy will automatically check it off the list.

Using your Joy baby registry

When you’ve done your research and are ready to start adding to your Joy Registry, use the search bar to navigate to your favorite items or browse product categories such as clothing, strollers and car seats, and feeding and nursing, among others. You can click on a product and then click the “Add to Registry” button, or hover over the product in the search results and click the “Add to Registry” button to add it to your registry even faster.

Another option? Consider installing Joy Quick Add Button, which is a desktop browser extension compatible with Chrome, Edge and Firefox. Go to the Preview section of the website and scroll down until you find the “Download Button”. Click on it, then drag the “+ Add to Joy” button to the bookmarks bar. This browser extension will give you the opportunity to quickly and easily add anything (from any vendor!) to your Joy baby registry with one click while surfing different sites.

How to return a Joy registry gift

To initiate a restore, you will need to contact customer support via email or by using the chat function in the lower right corner of the screen.

As part of theirs the promise of “easy returns”.Opens a new windowyou can return most items within 90 days — no more than 90 days after your event or 90 days after a friend or relative buys a gift (whichever comes later). You can get merchandise credit on all Joy gifts, but you’ll need to handle third-party returns at those respective sites. Just make sure the returned items are in the same (unopened) condition and include proof of purchase (eg receipt, gift registration number or order number).

There are a few items that you cannot return from the Joy baby registry. These exclusions include any furniture that is opened or assembled, gift cards, redeemed experiences, and personalized or custom orders. Additionally, you may not be reimbursed for shipping costs, and some returns will come with restocking fees. If you haven’t used the experience from your Joy register yet, you can only return it with merchandise credit.

Benefits of the Joy baby registry

• 20% discount on completion of works

• Scheduled delivery to control when you receive your gifts

• Gifting alternatives such as fee-free cash and electronic gift cards

• The possibility of adding items from other people’s registries

Disadvantages of the Joy baby registry

Our review

I built my own Joy baby registryOpens a new window to test out this service, and as a mom of an 8-month-old, I’m pretty familiar with the other options out there, like Babylist and Amazon. I was surprised to see how easy it is to add items directly from the WithJoy.comOpens a new window website and through third-party merchants using a browser extension.

That being said, I was hoping that the baby section of the Joy site would be more obvious; it was indented in the upper left corner of the screen in small letters. After completing that somewhat challenging step, the process was smooth and simple.

There are many perks that stand out compared to other top baby registries, including a hefty 20% off completion, a scheduled delivery feature (so you can decide when to receive your gifts), and no-fee cashback. I also like the idea of ​​looking through friends’ registries for inspiration; being able to add items from their registries to yours is a serious bonus.

However, the claim of “easy returns” is not entirely valid. The Joy customer support team has confirmed that you need to contact a representative via email or chat to initiate a return. It would be much more convenient to send something back without contacting a customer service representative.

If you want to prioritize mutual funds, Joy baby registryOpens a new window is probably your best option. Many of the “professionals” are also the cherry on top of a relatively easy-to-use universal registry that can serve as your one-stop shop before your baby arrives.

This story originally appeared on WhatToExpect.com.

Picture this: a classic holiday photo under the tree with everyone in matching family Christmas pajamas. Whether it’s already a fun family holiday tradition or you want to make it your first year with your new bundle of joy, there are so many holiday pajama sets to choose from to dress your family head-to-toe in Christmas cheer.

There are plenty of patterns — cozy plaids, candy stripes, lighted menorahs, decorated Christmas trees — so you’ll have no trouble finding one that fits your family’s style. And most matching Christmas pajama sets come in infant to larger adult sizes; some even have options for your furry family members.

To help you narrow down your choices, we’ve rounded up the best of the best holiday pajamas. And if you’re looking for more ways to sweetly celebrate this holiday season, the best Christmas books for children and advent calendars can help.

Olivia DeLong was four days postpartum when she got the go-ahead from her medical team to prepare for discharge. “After being in the hospital for weeks leading up to my birth, and then a few extra days due to the c-section, I was very ready to come home to see my puppy and finally sleep in my own bed,” she says. But her excitement about leaving was bittersweet.

Her daughter was still in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) and she and her husband did not know exactly when her baby would be coming home. “It was so hard to drive to the car without the baby in my arms. I was sad, but also in a way calm because I knew our daughter was so well taken care of.”

If you have a NICU baby and feel the same way, know that the first night at home without your baby can be especially difficult—and whatever you may be feeling is valid. Just know you’re not alone—other BabyCenter NICU moms are going through it, too.

“I’m so thankful that (my son) is okay and he’s going to be okay, but does anyone have any ideas on how to handle going home without a baby?” one BabyCenter mom asks her community born in November 2024. “Of course I’m coming as much as possible, but it’s hard to leave him there overnight and go home.”

Veteran NICU moms have united together in response. They offered positive messages of encouragement, plus some of their own coping strategies to help their fellow NICU moms. Their thoughtful words of wisdom can help you get through tough times, too.

Be sure it’s the best thing for your baby

“I had to leave my first baby in intensive care when she was born and go home without her. To be honest, it was very hard and I cried so many times. All I can say is that it’s for their betterment and that’s all the insurance we can give ourselves.” – @RuAsh

Trust your baby’s doctors

“I know it definitely feels wrong to leave your baby. I’m now on my third intensive baby and it’s kind of ‘normal’ for me at this point. …it’s still hard not to go out the door (with my baby) but he still needs help breathing and has no idea how to use a bottle. But remember, if you ever don’t get there for a day, (the nurses) will definitely hold them and carry them around. Ours are constantly drawing cards and holding those little burritos.” – @JohannaHiester

Capture as many photos and memories as possible

“Take lots of photos that you can look at overnight and see if the NICU has a camera so you can watch live. You can also always call the nurse line for overnight updates if that helps.” – @NursePatty12

“Take lots of pictures to look at! I also wrote a letter (to my baby) telling him how sad I was that he couldn’t come home with us and I think that helped me in the process.” – @MLD2024

Remember that none of this is your fault

“Everything is going to be okay, Mom… and I want to encourage you not to feel guilty. You did nothing wrong. If it helps, I delivered my baby at 26 weeks and she stayed in intensive care for 79 days. She is now a beautiful and active 11 month old… Please take care of yourself and know that your baby is getting all the care she can get…” – @RubySho

Focus your energy on what you can control

“I focused on pumping because I thought it was the only thing I could contribute while (my son) was getting the best care he could get with the medical team and the ICU staff. I also have a four-year-old who needed me, which also motivated me.” – @FMarfori

Nurture your relationships with your baby’s older siblings

“Something that helped me come to terms with how little time I could spend at the hospital was a friend reminding me that the baby wouldn’t remember if I was there or not, but my big kids would remember if I was there or no. there. It’s not perfect, I still felt like I wasn’t spending as much time with my baby, but I really got there as often as I could. Our NICU was a 24/7 visit for those caregivers who had hospital tape, so I used that to my advantage to go after the kids were asleep. My mom would stay with the kids while I went. I couldn’t do it every night because I was running without sleep, but that’s one way I managed it.” – @BaconBurner

Head home or simply get some fresh air as a form of self-care

“I routinely go in and out for several hours a day and I recommend it for your mental health. If I’ve learned anything… it’s to take care of you too. I can’t tell you that you won’t cry when you leave, miss your baby like crazy, and count the minutes until you get back. You will. It’s okay. A little time is worth it. Our babies are in good hands…” – @Izzyz3

Lean on your partner

“I had to leave my son in the intensive care unit and it was very difficult for me. I cried A LOT the first night without him. I’d wake up at 6am and take my time to shower and pack my bag and be at the hospital as soon as I’m done, I don’t leave (the hospital) until 9pm every day to go home and take care of myself… My husband is a lot helped by taking care of me mentally and physically, and I couldn’t have done all this without him” – @Har722

Know that you are not alone

“To moms looking for hope, you are not alone. I know you feel like you are. And you will get through this time and eventually start your life with your precious baby.” – @Glaud74

Silly faces, funny dances and funny sounds – if you’re waiting for your baby to laugh first, we bet you’ve tried it all.

Laughter is a social skill and one of the ways your baby will communicate with you and the other people he interacts with on a daily basis. During the first few months of life, your baby may laugh in his sleep. That first real laugh, however, comes a little later.

When do babies laugh?

When your baby starts to smile around 8 weeks, laughter is one of the next social milestones to look out for. Around 4 months old, your baby will give a little smile or giggle in response to something you did. That first little laugh can be unpredictable, and what gets you a giggle once may not work the second or third time.

“My little one is just over 4 months old. She’s been giggling here and there for a few weeks, but at first it was hard to tell the difference between the giggles and her happy sounds,” she says BabyCenter Community a member of Mom2Peps.

By the time they’re 6 months old, your baby will probably be laughing heartily after you’ve made funny noises, gently tickled their tummy, or pretended to chew on their fingers. Although some of the laughter is involuntary, it is also a communication skill that babies learn to tell you when something makes them happy. When they laugh out loud or squeal with delight, you’ll know your baby is having fun.

As their parent, you can probably make your baby laugh better than anyone else. You are their favorite person and all of their earliest attempts at communication – including babbling, smiling and laughing – will be directed at you.

As babies begin to laugh

Socialization learning begins the moment your baby is born. Long before they can understand words, smile, or laugh back at your antics, they are gathering communication information from the world around them.

Here’s a timeline of the skills babies learn from birth that help them start laughing:

A newborn baby

When your newborn is awake, he is learning about the world using his senses. What they see, touch, hear, taste and smell is information they use to make meaningful connections.

At this age, your newborn already knows your voice and notices changes in your tone. But they only have one way of communicating: crying.

1 to 2 months

Your baby may start trying to imitate your facial expressions first. Stay close and stick out your tongue. Pause and give them a moment to respond. It will take time, but eventually they will learn to imitate you.

At 2 months, you might catch a glimpse of your baby’s first smile! If your baby isn’t smiling, you’ll probably see a gummy smile soon. You will begin to notice your baby’s preferences: they will seem happy to see you, and certain toys or games may attract their attention more than others.

Your baby will also add sounds to her social interactions, cooing at you when she’s awake and wants to chat.

3 to 4 months

At this point, your baby will likely be adept at interacting with you and other loved ones with the help of a smile. You will be able to have small exchanges with your baby using “smile talk”: Offer them a smile and they will smile back.

“My 11 week old has been smiling for the past two weeks and it’s wonderful!” BabyCenter Community says parent MelissaC1587. “Mostly she laughs at her sisters, but she also laughs when we tickle her. Nothing sweeter than a baby’s giggle!”

By the time they are 4 months old, you will probably hear your baby’s first laugh. If you were doing something fun, like dancing around or making funny noises, they might respond with soft laughter.

“Babies usually start to smile between the ages of 4 and 6 months, usually when they find something to smile about,” says Chandani DeZure, MD, FAAP, a board-certified pediatrician and member of BabyCenter’s medical advisory board. “Tickle is perhaps the easiest way to make your little one laugh – on the tummy or soles of the feet should do the trick!”

5 to 6 months

By now, your living room might be starting to feel like open mic night at your local comedy club. Your baby will probably erupt into full-blown laughter by 6 months. Everyone, including siblings, grandparents, will want to make your little one throw a tantrum.

This is a great time to add more baby games to your little one’s daily routine. For most of their lives so far, they have observed the world around them. Now they are ready to participate.

Ways to make your baby smile

If you’re eager to hear that first giggle or your baby is already laughing and can’t get enough, these antics might just work.

• Funny sounds such as clicking the tongue against the oral cavity, blowing raspberries or making a silly voice will surely attract your baby’s attention. If the moment is right, they might respond with a smile, laugh, or belly laugh.
• Games are a great way to have fun with your little one. Try games that rely on the element of surprise, such as peek-a-boo or tower-build-and-tear.
• Tickle may be the easiest way to get a smile if your baby is ready. Just stick to gentle touches on their sensitive skin. It takes a lot less pressure than you think to get that tricky spot just right.
• Blowing raspberries on their stomachs or pretending to bite their fingers is a trick that is often a hit with babies. If it doesn’t work on the first or second try, take a break and try again later.

Tickling is perhaps the easiest way to make your little one smile – on the tummy or soles of the feet should do the trick!

– Dr. Chandani DeZure, pediatrician

What if your baby doesn’t laugh?

Babies reach developmental milestones at their own pace. But if your baby isn’t smiling by 6 months, show it to your pediatrician. In some cases, missed milestones are signs of stunted development. Your doctor may recommend a developmental assessment or refer you to a specialist.

After your baby starts smiling, what’s next?

Once your baby smiles, you can expect more fun milestones just around the corner. Around 6 months old, they will be babbling and practicing new sounds. At 9 months, many babies learn to clap and point to things that pique their interest.

Next are independent movement and conversation. Your baby might take their first steps around their first birthday and start saying simple words like “mummy” and “daddy”.